With the rise in sophistication and robustness of remote and distributed sensing, new applications are continually being found in monitoring the performance and health of structures of all kinds over time—from residential and commercial building to bridges, highways, and water infrastructure. And with the need for constant infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation, remote sensing and data acquisition is more critical than ever before. This two volume work Structural health monitoring (SHM) technology has proven to be the most effective tool to assess and ensure the safety of civil infrastructures, in which strain is one of the most widely adopted measurements. This two volume work will address the fundamentals of fiber-optic based sensing sytems for buildings and infrastructure and the implementation of such systems. This first volume will provide a thorough overview of Structural Health Monitoring, how this new technology has evolved, and the state-of-the-art in monitoring, damage detection, and safety assessment of infrastructure. In particular, the development of various kinds of strain sensors are discussed, along with the use of fiber optic sensing technologies as the most effective tool for using remote sensors in structural health management. Sensor installation and lay out and data acquisition and processing, as well as operational safety measures are also discussed.