Hematologic cancers are the cancers affecting the blood, lymph, bone marrow and the lymphatic system. These systems are intimately connected with each other through the circulatory and immune system. Thus, a cancer in one element affects the others as well. Malignancies in the hematological system are malignant neoplasms, derived from myeloid and lymphoid cell lines. Chromosomal translocations are a primary reason of hematologic cancer. For the diagnosis of a hematological malignancy, biopsy from a lymph node or a bone marrow biopsy, a blood film and complete blood count may be performed. The treatment of hematologic cancers may be addressed with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or a bone marrow transplant. If partial or complete remission has been achieved, a follow-up of the patient is undertaken at regular intervals to monitor for secondary malignancies and recurrences. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about hematologic cancers and their treatment. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques of cancer treatment. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on this domain.