This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Traffic Monitoring and Analysis, TMA 2012, held in Vienna, Austria, in March 2012. The thoroughly refereed 10 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections on traffic analysis and characterization: new results and improved measurement techniques; measurement for QoS, security and service level agreements; and tools for network measurement and experimentation.