The measure of the biological, radiological, chemical and physical characteristics of water with respect to human consumption is known as water quality. Mining, urban runoff, construction and discharge of sewage are some common activities which pollute the water and affect its quality. Treatment of water focuses on eliminating impurities like organic chemical contaminants produced by industrial processes and petroleum use, microorganisms, inorganic contaminants like metals and salts, radioactive contaminants, and pesticides and herbicides. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of water quality modelling, monitoring and treatment which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.